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Sagittarius A*

Invisible itself — traced by the stars it moves.

classification
Supermassive black hole
system
Milky Way galactic centre
overview //

Sagittarius A* is the compact radio source at the centre of the Milky Way, identified as a supermassive black hole. It is the closest object of its kind, which makes it the best-studied.

technical data //
Distance from Earth
about 26,000 light years
Mass
about 4.3 million solar masses
Event-horizon radius
roughly 12 million km (Schwarzschild radius)
Location
constellation Sagittarius, galactic centre

Only values with an established scientific consensus are listed. Where a quantity is uncertain or model-dependent, it is discussed in the sections below rather than stated as data.

what we know //
01

A vast mass sits in a tiny volume

Stars orbit an unseen object at high speed on tight, closed orbits, requiring millions of solar masses within a region smaller than our solar system.

02

It has been imaged in silhouette

A ring of emission surrounding a central dark region was resolved in 2022, matching predictions for a black hole shadow.

03

It accretes faintly

Compared with active galactic nuclei, Sagittarius A* is remarkably quiet, consuming very little material.

how do we know? //

Long-term stellar orbit tracking

Decades of infrared imaging traced individual stars through complete orbits, giving a precise central mass.

Radio interferometry

A global array of radio telescopes acted as one Earth-sized instrument to resolve the emission ring.

Multi-wavelength monitoring

X-ray and infrared flares track how material behaves close to the horizon.

methods archive →
open questions //
  • Why is its accretion rate so low compared with similar black holes?
  • How do the flares originate — magnetic reconnection, orbiting hot spots, or something else?Competing hypotheses remain.
  • What happens to information that crosses the horizon?An unresolved theoretical problem.

Items above are unresolved. Hypotheses are labelled as such and are not presented as confirmed findings.

continue exploring //